Analysis of the proportion of cesarean and vaginal births in Palmas - TO: A ten-year investigation.

Abstract

High cesarean section rates in Brazil represent a relevant public health concern as they exceed the limits recommended by the World Health Organization and reflect an obstetric care model characterized by the medicalization of childbirth. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the proportion of cesarean and vaginal births in the municipality of Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil, from 2014 to 2024, describing associated sociodemographic factors and cesarean rates according to the Robson Classification. This is a retrospective, descriptive study with a quantitative, documentary-based approach, using data from the Brazilian Live Birth Information System (SINASC/DATASUS). A total of 80,292 birth records were analyzed, revealing a predominance of cesarean deliveries throughout the entire study period. Higher cesarean rates were associated with advanced maternal age, higher educational level, and a greater number of prenatal visits. Robson Groups 5, 2, and 10 were identified as the main contributors to the high cesarean rates, with Group 5 being the most significant, reinforcing the importance of preventing the first cesarean section and promoting safe vaginal birth.

Keywords: Cesarean section; Vaginal birth; Robson classification; Maternal health; Epidemiology.